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璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯讳笘閫氫腑蹇�

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鍩轰簬鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲囬泦鍣ㄧ殑铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄦ妧琛�

  杩戝咕骞翠締,铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄦ妧琛撶櫦(f膩)灞曡繀鐚�,鍏堕珨鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勫劒(y艒u)榛炶秺渚嗚秺鏄庨’,鑰屽熀浜庢暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲囬泦鍣ㄧ殑铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄧ殑鍎�(y艒u)榛炴洿鍔犳槑椤�,鍏舵墍闇€纭欢灏戙€佸彲鎿村睍鎬у挤,涓€鑷鸿櫅鎿剙鍣ㄥ彲浠ュ畬鎴愮ず娉㈠櫒銆侀牷璀滃垎鏋愬剙銆佹暩(sh霉)瀛楀鐢ㄨ〃绛夊姛鑳�銆傝櫅鎿剙鍣ㄧ殑淇濋殰鏄繚璀夊剙鍣ㄧ殑娓噺绮惧害鐨勫繀瑕佹墜娈�,浣嗘槸,鐩墠鍦嬪収(n猫i)閭勬矑鏈夐嚌灏嶉€欓铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄥ嚭鑷虹殑瑕�(gu墨)绋�銆�

1銆佽櫅鎿剙鍣ㄧ殑鍩烘湰姒傚康

铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄦ槸涓€绋蹇靛剙鍣�,鐩墠鍦嬮殯涓婇倓娌掓湁涓€鍊嬫槑纰虹殑妯欐簴鍜屽畾缇�銆傝櫅鎿剙鍣ㄥ氨鏄竴绋熀浜庤▓绠楁鐨勮嚜鍕曞寲娓│鍎€鍣ㄧ郴绲�(t菕ng)銆傛櫘閬嶈獚鐐�,鎵€璎傝櫅鎿剙鍣ㄥ氨鏄噰鐢ㄨ▓绠楁闁嬫斁楂旂郴绲愭鍙栦唬鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勫柈姗熸脯閲忓剙鍣�,灏嶅悇绋悇妯ｇ殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閫茶瑷堢畻姗熻檿鐞�銆侀’绀哄拰瀛樺劜銆傝櫅鎿剙鍣ㄥ湪鍩烘湰鍘熺悊涓婅垏鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍎€鍣ㄥ苟鐒℃湰璩崁(q奴)鍒�,浣嗘槸鍦ㄥ剙鍣ㄥ師鐞嗙殑瀵︾従(xi脿n)涓�,铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄨ垏鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍎€鍣ㄥ嵒鏈変互涓嬫墍涓嶅悓銆�

(1)鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍎€鍣ㄥ伌閲嶄簬纭欢鎶€琛�,鍎€鍣ㄥ姛鑳界殑瀵︾従(xi脿n)涓昏渚濊炒纭欢闆昏矾,鍔熻兘鐨勬摯灞曞拰鎬ц兘鐨勬彁楂橀珨鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬槸鏂版潗鏂欍€佹柊宸ヨ棟銆佹柊鍘熺悊绲愭鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�銆傛暣鍊嬪剙鍣ㄥ悇閮ㄥ垎鑰﹀悎鎬у挤,闂滅郴瀵嗗垏,涓€鑸笉鑳芥媶鍒�銆傝€岃櫅鎿剙鍣ㄥ伌閲嶆槸閫氱敤杌熴€佺‖浠跺钩鑷�,鏄暩(sh霉)瀛告ā鍨�銆佺畻娉曡ō瑷�銆佽粺浠舵墜娈佃垏纭欢鎶€琛撶殑鏈夋绲愬悎,鏈€绲傚鐝�(xi脿n)鍎€鍣ㄥ姛鑳藉拰鎬ц兘銆傝櫅鎿剙鍣ㄨ純澶氬湴楂旂従(xi脿n)浜嗘暩(sh霉)瀛哥悊璜�銆佷俊鎭悊璜栧強淇℃伅鎶€琛撶殑鎳夌敤銆�

(2)鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍎€鍣ㄥ彈纭欢銆侀珨绌嶉噸閲忛檺鍒�,瀵︾従(xi脿n)鍔熻兘杓冨柈涓€,鎶€琛撴洿鏂颁篃杓冩參,鑰岃櫅鎿剙鍣ㄥ湪鍚屼竴纭欢鍩虹涓�,鍙互瀵︾従(xi脿n)澶氱ó鍔熻兘,闅ㄨ憲鏁�(sh霉)瀛稿拰绠楁硶瑷▓鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�,铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄥ彲浠ュ鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勫姛鑳藉闀烽€熷害寰堝揩,鎬ц兘鎻愰珮涔熷緢蹇�銆�

2銆佽櫅鎿剙鍣ㄧ殑

鐩墠,鍦嬪収(n猫i)閭勬矑鏈夊皥闁€鍑鸿嚭铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄧ殑瑕�(gu墨)绋�,鐝�(xi脿n)琛岃櫅鎿剙鍣ㄧ殑閭勬槸鏍规摎(j霉)鑸囧叾娓噺鍔熻兘鐩稿皪鎳夌殑鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍎€鍣ㄧ殑瑕�(gu墨)绋嬮€茶,鍗虫瘡涓€绋姛鑳介兘浠ュ叾鏈€绲傝〃鐝�(xi脿n)褰㈠紡閫茶閲忓偝婧簮,鏁村€�鍎€鍣�宸ヤ綔闇€瑕佷笉鍚岀殑妯欐簴鍎€鍣ㄦ牴鎿�(j霉)涓嶅悓鐨勬脯閲忓姛鑳芥彁渚涗笉鍚岀殑妯欐簴淇¤櫉,鍗虫瘡涓€绋姛鑳芥寜鍎€鍣ㄦ暣楂旈€茶銆傚洜鐐鸿櫅鎿剙鍣ㄦ瘡绋姛鑳介兘鏄缓绔嬪湪鍚屼竴纭欢鍩虹涓�,鎸夌収鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍎€鍣ㄧ殑鏂规硶,閫欐渻浣垮伐浣滈櫡鍏モ€滅柌浜庡鍛解€濈殑灏峰艾澧冨湴,璩囨簮銆佹妧琛撴敮鎸�銆佷汉鍝￠厤缃垏鍩硅〒绛夐兘闆ｄ互婊胯冻鎬ц兘鍎€鍣ㄥ揩閫熺櫦(f膩)灞曞付渚嗙殑闇€姹傘€�

铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄧ殑閫氱敤纭欢鍜岀畻娉曡粺浠跺爆浜庡叐鍊嬩笉鍚岀殑闋樺煙,鍙互鎷嗗垎,鍥犳,鍏跺剙鍣ㄤ富瑕佹鎴愰儴鍒嗙殑鍙垎闆㈡€х偤鏂板瀷鍏冨櫒浠惰櫅鎿剙鍣ㄦ柊鐨勬柟娉曟彁渚涗簡鍙兘銆傞€欓噷閲囩敤涓€绋啊鍠�銆佷究鎹风殑鍎€鍣ㄨ睛娉曞皪铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄩ€茶,閫欑ó鏂规硶鍋撮噸鐨勬槸杌熶欢鍙婃暩(sh霉)瀛告ā鍨嬩綔鐐哄剙鍣ㄧ殑涓€閮ㄥ垎鎵€楂旂従(xi脿n)鍑虹殑鎬ц兘鐨勮⿻鍍�,浠ュ強瀹冭垏纭欢骞宠嚭鐨勬€ц兘鏈€绲傚悎鎴愯櫅鎿剙鍣ㄧ附楂旀€ц兘鐨勬函婧愬晱椤�銆傚畠鐨勬牳蹇冩€濇兂鏄厛鍒╃敤妯欐簴鍎€鍣ㄥ皪铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄧ殑纭欢骞宠嚭閫茶,鍗冲皪纭欢骞宠嚭鍦ㄩ€茶鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲囬泦閬庣▼涓殑瑾ゅ樊閫茶鍒嗘瀽鍜岃⿻瀹�,寰楀埌纭欢骞宠嚭鐨勬妧琛撴寚妯�,濡傞噰闆嗛€熺巼銆佽綁鎻涚簿搴︾瓑;鍒╃敤杌熶欢鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺鍚堢‖浠跺钩鑷烘妧琛撴寚妯欑殑浠跨湡閲囨ǎ淇¤櫉,鑰屽悗鍎€鍣ㄨ粺浠跺钩鑷洪噰鐢ㄥ悇绋笉鍚岀殑绠楁硶灏嶄豢鐪熶俊铏熼€茶铏曠悊,寰楀埌淇¤櫉鍚勭ó鐗瑰緛鐨勬脯閲忕祼鏋�,灏嶇祼鏋滈€茶绲�(t菕ng)瑷堝垎鏋愬緱鍒拌櫅鎿剙鍣ㄧ殑鎬ц兘鎸囨銆備笉鍚岀殑娓噺鍔熻兘灏嶄簬纭欢骞宠嚭鐨勬妧琛撴寚妯欏拰鎵€闇€妯欐簴淇¤櫉鐨勮姹傛槸涓嶄竴妯ｇ殑,鍥犳,鍏剁敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑浠跨湡淇¤櫉涔熸槸涓嶅悓鐨�銆�

2.1 闈滄厠(t脿i)娓噺鐗规€ц⿻瀹�

鍩轰簬鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閲囬泦鍣ㄧ殑铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄧ殑闈滄厠(t脿i)娓│鍔熻兘涓昏鏄洿娴侀浕澹�銆侀浕娴�銆侀浕闃绘脯閲�,闆绘祦銆侀浕闃绘暩(sh霉)瀛楀寲娓噺鐨勬牳蹇冩妧琛撹垏闆诲鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀寲娓噺鐩稿悓,涓嶅悓涔嬭檿鏄皣闆绘祦銆侀浕闃昏綁鎻涚偤闆诲,鍥犳,鍏舵柟娉曡垏娓浕澹撳姛鑳界殑鏂规硶鐩稿悓銆傚叾闈滄厠(t脿i)娓噺鐗规€ц⿻瀹氬垎鐐哄叐鍊嬮儴鍒�:纭欢骞宠嚭鎶€琛撴寚妯欏拰杌熶欢骞宠嚭鎶€琛撴寚妯�銆�

2.1.1 纭欢骞宠嚭鎶€琛撴寚妯�

纭欢骞宠嚭鎶€琛撴寚妯欎腑灏嶈櫅鎿剙鍣ㄩ潨鎱�(t脿i)娓│鍔熻兘褰遍熆杓冨ぇ鐨勬槸杞夋彌绮惧害,鍏堕噰闆嗛€熺巼鐨勮宸奖闊垮彲浠ュ拷鐣�,鍥犳鍙皪鍏惰綁鎻涚簿搴﹂€茶銆傜‖浠跺钩鑷鸿綁鎻涚簿搴︾殑鍙互鍒╃敤Fluke 5520A妯欐簴婧愮偤鍏舵彁渚涙婧栫洿娴侀浕澹撲俊铏�,璁撳剙鍣ㄥ皪妯欐簴闆诲閫茶閲囨ǎ,灏嶉噰妯ｆ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)绲�(t菕ng)瑷堝垎鏋�,鍙互寰楀埌纭欢骞宠嚭杞夋彌鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)瑾ゅ樊u鍙婃婧栦笉纰哄畾搴ο�,纭欢骞宠嚭杞夋彌閬庣▼涓殑娓噺瑾ゅ樊螖X鏈嶅緸N(u,蟽2)鐨勬鎱�(t脿i)鍒嗗竷銆�

2.1.2 杌熶欢骞宠嚭鎶€琛撴寚妯�

铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄨ粺浠跺钩鑷轰富瑕佹槸鍚勭ó绠楁硶妯″瀷,鍏惰宸富瑕佹槸鍚勭ó绠楁硶鐨勮宸�,姣忕ó绠楁硶鐨勮宸ā鍨嬫槸涓嶈畩鐨�,鑰岄渶灏囩‖浠跺钩鑷虹殑娓噺鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)浣滅偤杓稿叆,鏂规硶涓€鑸槸绠楁硶鎺ㄥ皫銆佷豢鐪�,鍥犳,灏嶈粺浠跺钩鑷烘妧琛撴寚妯欑殑瀵﹂殯涓婃槸铏涙摤鍎€鍣ㄨ粺纭欢骞宠嚭鎶€琛撴寚妯欏悎鎴愮殑閬庣▼銆�

鍦ㄥ皪杌熶欢骞宠嚭鎶€琛撴寚妯欑殑涓�,棣栧厛鐢辫粺浠剁敘(ch菐n)鐢熺鍚堢‖浠跺钩鑷烘妧琛撴寚妯欑殑浠跨湡淇¤櫉,鍗宠粺浠舵寜鐓ц┎纭欢骞宠嚭杞夋彌瑾ゅ樊鍒嗗竷閫茶鎶芥ǎ,妯ｆ湰瀹归噺鐐簄,鏍规摎(j霉)鍏紡:

               Xi=X+螖Xi,i=1,2,鈥�,n            (1)

寮忎腑:Xi鐐轰豢鐪熼噰妯ｆ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉);X鐐虹悊鎯抽浕澹撳€�;螖Xi鐐洪噰妯ｉ亷绋嬩腑鐨勮宸�銆傚埄鐢ㄨ櫅鎿剙鍣ㄨ粺浠跺钩鑷轰腑闈滄厠(t脿i)娓│鍔熻兘绠楁硶,濡傚钩鍧囨眰鍜屾硶,閬炴帹姹傚拰娉曠瓑,灏嶄豢鐪熼噰妯ｆ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)Xi閫茶铏曠悊,灏嶈檿鐞嗙祼鏋滈€茶绲�(t菕ng)瑷堝垎鏋�,鏍规摎(j霉)鍒嗘瀽绲愭灉灏嶈櫅鎿剙鍣ㄩ潨鎱�(t脿i)娓│鍔熻兘鍋氬嚭瑭曞児銆�

2.2 鍕曟厠(t脿i)娓噺鐗规€ц⿻瀹�

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2.2.1 纭欢骞宠嚭鎶€琛撴寚妯�

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