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6ES7400-1JA00-0AA0CPU西門子
前段時(shí)間，我一直在離此不遠(yuǎn)的一處荒山。
武漢達(dá)自動(dòng)化設(shè)備有限公司
Wuhan luyida automation equipment Co. Ltd.
聯(lián)系人：鄧先生
電話：189 7141 9607
座機(jī)：027-83238890
傳真：027-61537051
Q Q:990809680(郵箱）
地址：武漢市東西湖區(qū)走馬嶺匯通公路港信息交易中心A3-035
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這些年可都居住在其中三座島上地。
電工網(wǎng)訊：實(shí)際上，誤解的根本原因是，對(duì)風(fēng)電以及電力運(yùn)行特性深入的理解。一個(gè)顯而易見的事實(shí)是，早在風(fēng)電技術(shù)出現(xiàn)前，電力的設(shè)計(jì)就可以應(yīng)對(duì)負(fù)荷的顯著變化，它完全能夠通過(guò)在處理負(fù)荷變化中積累的來(lái)對(duì)風(fēng)電的波動(dòng)性加以控制。風(fēng)功率等新技術(shù)的發(fā)展也有助于風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)，其的準(zhǔn)確性已經(jīng)達(dá)到80%90%的水平。美國(guó)可再生能源實(shí)驗(yàn)室(NREL)等權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的研究還顯示，總體上，并網(wǎng)的風(fēng)電機(jī)組越多，風(fēng)電在電網(wǎng)中的波動(dòng)就會(huì)越小。在這種情況下，風(fēng)電需要的調(diào)峰輔助服務(wù)比想象中的要少很多，這一點(diǎn)可以從德國(guó)等國(guó)的市場(chǎng)發(fā)展中驗(yàn)證。2008年2013年，德國(guó)的波動(dòng)性可再生能源發(fā)電份額從7%上升到13%，而同期電網(wǎng)向上的調(diào)頻、調(diào)峰資源需求卻下降了20%，向下的資源大體保持。并且伴隨著風(fēng)功率水平的、電網(wǎng)調(diào)度的進(jìn)一步精細(xì)化、共享的網(wǎng)際備用，風(fēng)電波動(dòng)性帶來(lái)的調(diào)峰需求還會(huì)進(jìn)一步下降。此外，分析我國(guó)幾個(gè)棄風(fēng)重可以看出，這些地區(qū)的煤電機(jī)組利用小時(shí)數(shù)仍高達(dá)3500小時(shí)4000小時(shí)，甚至更高，現(xiàn)有電力調(diào)峰和接納風(fēng)電的技術(shù)潛力(調(diào)峰深度達(dá)到20%以內(nèi)，利用小時(shí)數(shù)為1500小時(shí)2000小時(shí))都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有被挖掘出來(lái)。對(duì)于風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)成本的問(wèn)題，一般而言，風(fēng)電占比達(dá)到20%時(shí)，因風(fēng)電所的平衡成本也僅約為風(fēng)電整體銷售價(jià)的10%或更低，而且風(fēng)電在較大消納區(qū)域內(nèi)的并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行成本要低于較小區(qū)域。青海、蒙西以及歐洲的情況表明，目前我國(guó)風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)的問(wèn)題，主要涉及的是體制上的制約和利益上的沖突，而不是風(fēng)電或電網(wǎng)的技術(shù)瓶頸。其根源是，在電力裝機(jī)過(guò)剩，供大于求的大背景下，先調(diào)度誰(shuí)、先使用誰(shuí)的問(wèn)題。雖然《可再生能源法》規(guī)定可再生能源擁有優(yōu)先上網(wǎng)權(quán)，但在現(xiàn)有電力體制下，火電因?yàn)槊磕暧邢逻_(dá)的計(jì)劃電量，形成事實(shí)上的優(yōu)先發(fā)電權(quán)，擠占了可再生能源的發(fā)展空間。因此，要解決風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)難題，必須認(rèn)清問(wèn)題的本質(zhì)，從觀念和機(jī)制上尋求轉(zhuǎn)變。通過(guò)加快電力體?
我國(guó)風(fēng)電行業(yè)經(jīng)過(guò)多年的發(fā)展，大部分地區(qū)已形成了較成熟的建設(shè)流程，各省也相繼了相關(guān)政策，我司也編制出版了《我國(guó)分省區(qū)風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目建設(shè)指南系列》。隨著2011年7月能源局的《能源局關(guān)于分散式接入風(fēng)電的通知》國(guó)能新能源[2011]226號(hào)，我國(guó)分散式風(fēng)電正式拉開帷幕。隨后，也相繼了相關(guān)文件來(lái)推動(dòng)分散式風(fēng)電的發(fā)展，伴隨著2017年5月能源局出文《能源局關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)分散式接入風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目建設(shè)》國(guó)能發(fā)新能[2017]3號(hào)，部分省市（如：河北省、山西?。┮讶挥行虻亻_展著分散式風(fēng)電建設(shè)的研討和規(guī)劃等相關(guān)工作。而在分散式風(fēng)電建設(shè)流程，尤其是項(xiàng)目的策劃和決策階段，與常規(guī)風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目有何不同，這需要我們各職能部門、企業(yè)和風(fēng)電行業(yè)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都需關(guān)注和思考。分散式風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目建設(shè)涉及的以下幾方面值得我們思考：一、核準(zhǔn)程序如何簡(jiǎn)化？分散式風(fēng)電根據(jù)其接入條件等技術(shù)邊界條件，初期常規(guī)容量預(yù)計(jì)以10MW以內(nèi)為主，而相較于常規(guī)風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目的50MW~100MW，甚至更高的單個(gè)項(xiàng)目，若核準(zhǔn)程序不能有所區(qū)別，恐怕很難調(diào)動(dòng)各企業(yè)對(duì)分散式項(xiàng)目的積極性。二、建設(shè)用地的指標(biāo)與手續(xù)如何辦理？常規(guī)50MW以上的風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目，在建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)的辦理、土地調(diào)規(guī)等環(huán)節(jié)已然是塊硬骨頭，而若針對(duì)分散式風(fēng)電此類單體項(xiàng)目容量較小的情況，如何在不違反相關(guān)用地政策前提下，不讓企業(yè)因?yàn)榻ㄔO(shè)用地指標(biāo)和手續(xù)上，望而卻步，需要我們共同思考。三、電網(wǎng)對(duì)分散式風(fēng)電的有無(wú)更明細(xì)的要求？分散式風(fēng)電與常規(guī)風(fēng)電容量存在較大差異，但電網(wǎng)對(duì)不同類型風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目的要求是否一致？保護(hù)、調(diào)度、通信、計(jì)量各方案如何配置？不同的方案對(duì)該項(xiàng)目的收益會(huì)產(chǎn)生多大的影響？需要后續(xù)我們做進(jìn)一步的研究和分析。四、不同類別風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目的與成本有何不
西班牙太陽(yáng)能資源分布圖4）智能電網(wǎng)計(jì)劃提上日程，強(qiáng)化伊比利亞半島能源互聯(lián)的計(jì)劃也正推進(jìn)，加上大量可再生能源電力消納對(duì)于電網(wǎng)的壓力，未來(lái)電網(wǎng)投資存在機(jī)遇；凡關(guān)注西班牙電力體系者，無(wú)不知其電網(wǎng)之強(qiáng)大。據(jù)悉，西班牙電網(wǎng)能夠隨時(shí)接入幾乎所有可再生能源，其不能并網(wǎng)的可再生能源電量少于總量1%，靈活性極高。同時(shí)，西班牙電網(wǎng)與法國(guó)、葡萄牙、摩洛哥及安道爾電網(wǎng)相接，電力往來(lái)高、體量大，未來(lái)西班牙計(jì)劃深化區(qū)域電力市場(chǎng)，區(qū)域間電力往來(lái)趨于。再考慮到其雄心勃勃的智能電網(wǎng)計(jì)劃，無(wú)論是對(duì)于新建設(shè)施、或是升級(jí)現(xiàn)有線纜以確保其負(fù)荷能力，西班牙對(duì)電網(wǎng)的投資必不可少。
