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科爾摩根 443M-C

在“一網到底”這種情況下就涉及一個問題：這個網被連通了以后，現(xiàn)場生產工藝設備和上面的管理軟件甚至云端連在一起以后，它把一些管理和數(shù)據(jù)分析的系統(tǒng)和我們工業(yè)控制的專用系統(tǒng)通道打開了，那么它的信息安全的保障要求就更高了。一旦從現(xiàn)場設備做數(shù)據(jù)交互的時候，意味著整個通訊網絡被打通，打通過程中如果信息安全在任何一個節(jié)點出現(xiàn)問題，都有可能造成相互之間的影響。如果上層軟件信息安全沒做好，它有可能從這個地方侵入然后延續(xù)下來，如果控制網絡與管理網絡之間銜接的地方信息安全部署沒做好，就有可能從把上面的或者下面的侵入，會造成一系列連鎖。

那么PLC這一側也一樣需要做好信息安全。過去的PLC在研發(fā)時在信息安全這部分是沒做任何的考慮的，因為主流的高端PLC都是20年前的技術研發(fā)的，那時候沒有信息安全，后面想去補這塊就只能外面加罩子，要么有廠商通過底層操作系統(tǒng)更新打補丁，或者就是現(xiàn)在很多信息安全公司和所謂的信息安全小組在做的事，加防火墻，加一些網絡安全的交換機。但這個治標不治本，就像人一樣，你很虛了，一身的病，天天吃補藥，你看著好像是好了，但是一旦出現(xiàn)新問題你是抗不住的。縱深防御可以起到層層隔離防護的作用，但真正安全還是需要各控制層級自身就做好，這個也是一大問題，新一代的高端控制器必須要考慮的，自身開始，不管你別的地方部署好了沒有，最起碼PLC自身不要受到侵害，具備本體的安全防護能力。

The operator should place the controller into manual mode prior to any work being done on the transmitter circuit. If any PV alarms are con?gured on the controller, they should be temporarily disabled as well prior to doing the work.

The DeltaV Explorer is the main utility used to initiate changes to the control algorithms and physical hardware.

In our case we will be using the Explorer to open each experiment with the “Control Studio”. Our experiments are under “AREA_A”
As we have discussed, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the face of changing loads. Rather than rely on feedback to make corrective changes to a process only after some load change has driven the process variable away from setpoint, feedforward systems monitor the relevant load(s) and use that inbation to preemptively make stabilizing changes to the final control element such that the process variable will not be affected. In this way, the feedback loop’s role is to merely “trim” the process for factors lying outside the realm of the feedforward system.At least, this is how feedforward control is supposed to work. One way feedforward controls commonly fail to live up to their promise is if the effects of load changes and of manipulated variable changes possess different time lags in their respective effects on the process variable. This is a problem in feedforward control systems because it means the corrective b called for in response to a change in load will not affect the process variable at the same time, or in the same way over time, as the load will. In order to correct this problem, we must inbligently insert time lags (or advancing time-based functions called leads) into the control system to equalize the time lags of load and feedforward correction. This is called dynamic compensation.